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Practical Academic Writing

Practical Academic Writing
Academic papers, or as outlined in Section papers, referred to as paper. Where science, technology, content, application of concepts, judgments, and to refute such proof means of logical thinking, analysis, clarify the principles of natural science, law and scientific and technological research results in a variety of issues and articles are all academic papers category. Papers is an innovative record of scientific research, the results are the means of promotion and communication, but also assessing the operational capacity of scientists and an important indicator of academic standards. It is a treasure house of human knowledge, the basic unit, or part of the wealth of the human spirit and the scientific community can effectively use, economic development and social progress of the play a catalytic role. First,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the academic characteristics of (a), referred to as theoretical academic or academic. Papers can be drawn from a particular product, or an abstract theory, or a specific experiment, the process of their research or find information, after processing, refining and enrichment programs to enhance the theoretical description. Therefore, the dialectical theory of academic emphasis, these theories and technological achievements, and must be explored through repeated practice, research from practice is a source of academic papers. The absence of academic papers, it lost its basic characteristics. (B) Creative Creative is a measure of the fundamental value of academic standards. Great creativity, the paper of high value; the other hand, the paper value is low. Here is the so-called creative people have not talked about paper describes a new theory, new methods, new technology or creative imitation. Transcend is not an article and may have some economic value, but it does not work the development of science and technology, science and technology can not provide new content. Some scientific and technological achievements to fill the gap, but abroad, has been strictly a word should be no creativity. Academic achievement is the knowledge of the creative record carrier, the passing of new scientific information. Some results are not suitable for scientific papers, but the technology can be used for publication of the report. (C) scientific 』『 scientific paper the word has multiple meanings: (1) the objectivity of content: thesis must be an objective fact, which would require science is true, mature, feasible and reproducible. (2) a comprehensive expression: the scientific content of papers should be used, in writing or pictures express, and seek written in simple,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], clear and comprehensive. (3) logical structure: the article appeared in the science content structure must conform to logical reasoning, arguments to refute other laws of thinking, the logic is strong. (4) the standardization of the format: essay writing format is gradually becoming standardized and must strictly abide by its rules. (D) readability of the paper, the text should seek to smooth plain, avoid jerky hard to understand, or greatly weakened the social effects of the article. Second, the classification of academic papers including dissertations. Dissertation is to apply for graduate degree applicants were put forward papers. This paper is assessing whether to grant the applicant an important basis for a degree,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], can be divided into bachelor thesis, master thesis and doctoral dissertation and other three, the level of the shallow and deep. Degree requirements or undertake to have engaged in scientific research the initial capacity of professional and technical work; master with independent scientific research required to achieve initial capability for work; Dr requirements to have the ability to undertake independent scientific research and in science or special technology to make creative results. By the words of view, about one million words bachelor thesis, master thesis about fifty thousand words, doctoral thesis in the fifty thousand words or more, sometimes up to ten Zhinian million words. Hereby described as follows: (a) Bachelor thesis,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], use of college graduates during the school learned the basic theory and professional knowledge to analyze and solve a very complex research projects written dissertation and successfully passed the sign identified by , may be awarded degree. The conditions are as follows: 1. Can better grasp the discipline's basic theories, specialized knowledge and basic skills. 2. Has engaged in scientific research or to undertake an initial capacity of specialized technical work. (B) pp pp Master Suoti the Advisor shall be guided by graduate students I independently, their Papers should have their own new ideas, and in the process a certain amount of work. Generally used for paper work for about a year or so. The basic requirements are as follows: 1. In the discipline a firm grasp of basic theories and systems expertise. 2. Has engaged in scientific research or technical expertise the ability to work independently to engage. (C) of the doctoral thesis dissertation on the subject has an important role in promoting development, raise the level of the discipline has an important breakthrough. The basic requirements are as follows: 1. In the discipline firm and comprehensive grasp of the basic theories and systematic in-depth expertise, 2. Has the ability to undertake independent scientific research, 3. In the subject or the results of a special technology to make creative. (D) general academic papers is to address innovative research work in the written document is that some experimental or theoretical, or observational records of new scientific knowledge or practice of a known principle for New scientific summary of progress made. The contents of papers should be some discoveries, inventions, creations, and some progress, rather than simply repeat, purely to imitate or copy the previous overall results. Papers should have the new information. Papers read at academic conferences usually, exchange, or published in academic journals and so on. It reflects the latest academic standards and the development of forward-looking trends in science and technology, reflects the results of science and technology workers have. To further explore the characteristics and rules of academic writing, the content should be the difference between the nature and structure is divided into theoretical aspects of the academic type, experimental type, describe the type and design type and other four categories. Thesis focuses on theory-based theoretical proof and analysis. Can be divided into two types according to study: a kind of abstract theoretical issues as the research object,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and its emphasis on the theoretical derivation methods and operations; other Zeyi objective things and phenomena observed data and the literature data on the object, its method of study is the analysis of the data, comprehensive, general and abstract, and by induction, deduction, simulation process, some sort of new theories and insights. Generally speaking, the theory-based paper and flexible body structure type, there is no fixed format, the object of study can be divided into a number or outcome linked to the level of a certain logical layer were discussed. Thesis focuses on experimental design of experiment and observation of the experimental results and analysis. It also can be divided into two types: one is introduced for the purpose of the experiment itself, focusing on description of experimental apparatus, method and content; the other is through the analysis of experimental results and discussion, to understand the objective laws. Experimental and theoretical papers based on the body structure different from the main structure of the report by the experiment evolved, and has the format of a certain convention, materials and methods are generally 『』, 『』 and 『discuss the results of other three』 copies. The three parts can make the appropriate adjustments, the focus must be on the test for content description and analysis. Descriptive research paper focused on description and explanation of objects, to introduce the reader to find a new objective things or phenomena, focusing on that thing or phenomenon. Paper describes the structure type is usually described and discussed by the two parts form. Such as the discussion moving, a new microbial species, describe the newly discovered geological phenomenon, the new instruments, such as the invention of paper is. Type of paper is the design of new products, new engineering program to conduct a comprehensive exposition of the best written technical documentation, general notes and design drawings from the design organizations formed. The contents of theoretical or experimental, but also a description of the design description (including drawings). Construction works of the paper is. 』『 Quartering these academic papers is relative, theory-based papers may also be described, also cited a number of experimental materials, experimental study is also necessary in the theoretical analysis and description; descriptive theory thesis is not totally . For research purposes but different means, each focus. Of course, some papers may be somewhere between the middle of several types of paper, which depends on its classification. Section of a topic of academic papers, research projects, thesis topic and the subject of the topic, thesis topic and the topic is certain to contact three different but the concept. Research projects is to study people around and want to solve scientific and technical issues. General topics to go through research, screening and feasibility studies, to eventually formalized. Topic is the name of the paper. Usually after the completion of research projects to research the whole issue or a part of the written papers. Thus, a subject can write an article or a few papers. But the paper does not extend beyond the subject content and connotation and denotation. Thesis on science and technology to solve the problem of the basic ideas, but also [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Next