Agricultural exports break through technical barri

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Agricultural exports break through technical barriers to trade Thoughts

Summary of technical barriers to trade has become in recent years, new features of international agricultural trade barriers, exports of competitive agricultural products in China as a constraint to the biggest obstacle. To break through technical barriers to trade, we must strive to improve our quality of agricultural products, agricultural products quality and safety supervision to strengthen and speed up training of professionals, active and good at using the mechanism to resolve trade disputes, export of agricultural products obstacles. Keywords agricultural technical barriers to trade measures 1 measures and on Technical Barriers to Trade of China's agricultural exports 1.1 Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine regulations developed countries have developed a complete food safety laws, regulations and standards. These laws not only regulate the domestic agricultural production and processing, but also will not meet the standards of foreign products in the country outside the block. For example, the Japanese based on For plant quarantine, the right not pests in Japan, from or through countries in the occurrence of the parasitic plant diseases and insect pests and soil are prohibited. As food or food ingredients of plants and animals, agricultural health and quarantine departments also need food hygiene inspection. For mandatory inspection of food, to test each batch for one hundred percent. The same time imports of different commodities, the provisions must be tested each time, while similar products in Japan can be tested only once. At present,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], China's vegetable exports are encountering such restrictions. 1.2 quality standards, food labeling and packaging requirements present, developed countries still continue to upgrade quality testing standards, test items is also increasing. For example, the United States is the world's most stringent food labeling requirements of one of the countries, as many as 22 kinds of food labeling and revised each year to add. United States requires all packaged food should be food labels, but also nutritious food Peng of the label must indicate at least 14 kinds of nutrients content. Another example is Japan, the import of agricultural products used to set residue limits for 63 species and 2 470, and this year the implementation of the At the same time prohibiting the use of 15 kinds of pesticides, veterinary drugs, which makes the test items of agricultural products doubled. Japan is China's food and agricultural exports a large market share of food, 32% of total agricultural exports, to more than 6 000 export enterprises. 1.3 environmental protection and animal welfare requirements of developed countries have a series of environmental regulations on imports of agricultural products form commonly referred to as Green barriers include international and regional environmental conventions, national environmental regulations and standards, inspection and quarantine requirements, cost internalization requirements. For example, in April 1995, developed countries called for the implementation mark Animal welfare is particularly valued by the EU, for example, chicken breeding density is generally 12 / m2, the EU has proposed raising only 10 per square meter of the ground that the density is too large, the chicken will not feel This farming costs have increased, the formation of trade barriers. Development of new technologies 1.4 security issues that arise during the the most typical is the safety of genetically modified food, this has been the focus of international debate. The United States is occupying the commanding heights of transgenic technology, the promotion of genetically modified foods a positive attitude, while the European Union and Japan are firmly opposed to other countries, which also led to imports of transgenic agricultural management measures discussed. Particular note is that technical trade barriers in developed countries the trend was escalating. For example, in Japan since 2003 across the country, Vegetables and other agricultural products to China in terms of the future will be more difficult to enter the Japanese market. Recent years, technical barriers to trade of agricultural products have been exported directly to China's huge losses, the indirect losses caused by the diffusion effect is difficult to estimate. According to Commerce Department statistics, 90% of the agricultural and food export enterprises affected by foreign technical trade barriers, resulting in annual loss of about 90 billion U.S. dollars in exports of products from vegetables, fruits, tea to honey, and then extended to animal products and water products. Technical barriers to trade abroad has restricted the biggest obstacle to China's agricultural exports. 2 technical barriers to trade of agricultural exports suffered because of their own domestic reasons 2.1 (1) produce their own quality problems. China's large population, weak awareness of environmental protection, agricultural products and processed products, there are many security risks. Such as water pollution has caused food-borne diseases, pollution of rivers directly affect the sanitary quality of aquatic products; pesticides, veterinary drugs of abuse, resulting in a pesticide and veterinary drug residues in agricultural products exceeded; illegal or excessive use of additives, making a number of agricultural products and their processed products do not meet health and environmental requirements. According to statistics, 20% to 30% of the vegetable pesticide residues far exceeded the problem exists, so in exports. (2) policies from different departments, lack of supervision. Involved in safety management of agricultural trade, business, health, quality inspection departments, because of long supervision, unclear, inadequate supervision, resulting in lack of authority, the effect is not obvious. (3) agricultural and food quality management, standardization and certification system lagged behind the national food safety standards with international standards are not standards, inspection techniques and testing methods also needs improvement. (4) agricultural and food production to small-scale individual farmers as the main small-scale processing enterprises, technical content, competitive strength is not strong, the concept of strategic business and marketing capacity is relatively weak, the quality of the international market standards, little is known about the movement of food safety standards can not meet the fast changing international market demand.

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