Asics The Emperor Diocletian The Reforms of the Ro

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Born in approximately 240AD, Diocletian began life as Diocles. His exact origins were obscure but certainly modest. Born near Salonae (modern Splitt) in Dalmatia, he may have been the freedman of a senator Anulinus. What is certain is that he rose through ability and commitment, becoming commander of the Emperor’s bodyguard. He was elected as emperor by the army in 284 after the murder of the existing imperial dynasty.
Diocleti
Diocletian inherited an empire collapsing under its own weight. The early third century was marked by an increasingly dominant army. It became customary for legions to offer the empire to the highest bidder. Civil wars soon broke out amongst rival factions. This internal turmoil provided the perfect chance for opportunistic barbarians and client states to attack the empires’ frontiers. For the first ten years of his reign, Diocletian and his colleague Maximian were preoccupied with revolts in places as diverse as Gaul, Persia and Egypt as well as attacks from barbarian tribes such as the Alemanni and the Sarmatians. At the same time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it was necessary to reclaim Britain after it became part of the mini empire of Carausius. The revolts were brought under control and the empire stabilised by a series of reforms.
Diocletian’s realised that the empire was too large for one man to manage. His answer was to divide the overall administration between two emperors or Augusti,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], one for the east and one for the west. Each Augustus would appoint a Caesar, a deputy who was also their effective heir. The Caesars and Augusti were mobile, moving wherever they were required rather than having a one set base. Diocletian himself used Nicomedia in Asia Minor, Sirmium near Belgrade and Trier in Germany, rather than Rome which was of diminishing importance.
The result of this new system, known as a tetrarchy was that the frontiers were quickly brought back under control. The system was also supposed to prevent fighting over the succession, since the heirs were already nominated and in place. This worked, at least whilst Diocletian was emperor.
Diocletian saved an empire collapsing under its own weight. He reformed the way the empire was administered by introducing the division of responsibilities amongst a tetrarchy. His reforms were often extreme and not always successful but ensured that for the twenty five years of his reign,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Roman Empire enjoyed renewed stability.
The Tetrarchy
Diocletian’s Rise to Power
Diocletian’s also separated military administration from civil. As emperor,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he ensured that he had direct control of the army.
Economic Reforms
Frontier Revolts
In addition to dividing overall control of the empire, Diocletian subdivided the empire into 13 large units or dioceses each governed by a vicarious, a substitute or proxy administrator for the emperor Only the provinces of Achaea, Asia and Africa remained under proconsular control.
Once emperor, he changed his name to Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus. His reign was autocratic. All had to prostrate themselves before him and refer to him as ‘Imperator’ or ‘Our Lord’. Despite this, Diocletian worked hard for the empire he inherited.
Read on
The Emperor Julian the Apostate
Eastern Roman Empire Compared to the West
The Fall of the Roman Empire
Administrative Reforms
The first tetrarchy was established in 294AD with Diocletian as the eastern Augustus with Galerius as his Caesar and Maximian Augustus of the west, with Constantius Chlorus, the father of the future Constantine I as Caesar. However, despite the division of power, Diocletian remained in overall control.
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