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The Ethical Dilemma of the Greater Good
In the movie "The Dark Knight", Batman, played by Christian Bale [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], has to choose between either saving his love Rachel (Maggie Gyllenhaal) or the crime-fighting District Attorney Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart). Most of us would probably let our personal feelings guide us and try to save the person we love. However, Batman chooses rationally believing that saving the District Attorney would be the more honorable action because a larger amount of people now and in the future would benefit from it, whereas saving Rachel would be less directed towards the common good, but more the satisfaction of a selfish motive from which only a few would benefit.
Another moral dilemma involves two ferries that are rigged with explosives. One of them transports federal criminals, people considered a threat to society, while on the other we find ordinary, respectable citizens. Without going into the details [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the question involved deciding which ferry should be saved. The utilitarian principle would claim that the maximum benefits that the respectable citizens would bring clearly outweigh the overall benefits of the group of criminals who are usually regarded as a menace to society and as counterproductive.
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The Dark Knight Review
The Importance of Harvey Dent in The Dark Knight
Dark Knight
Does he make the right choice? According to the movie the answer is no. Dent, the person whom he saves has been traumatized by the death of his girlfriend Rachel and he starts an irrational quest for revenge by killing people he believes have betrayed him. As such, Batman’s plan backfires and more suffering is created by saving Dent’s life.
Utilitarianism had its origins with the Greek philosophers Epicurus and Democritus who proposed the hedonistic principle that people, in general, are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain. It was formed into a coherent, practical, scientific theory by the British philosopher Jeremy Bentham. It was based on a mathematical equation [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the “felicific calculus”, where people are making choices on the grounds of maximizing their level of happiness. As a legislator, he envisioned the goal of creating laws that ensured the greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people.